At each school I have taught at there has been a need to use interventions with certain students, and to track the effectiveness of these interventions using data. This intervention process often has a different name depending on where you teach. The two most common that I have come across are: Response to Intervention (RTI) and Student Assistance Team (SAT). However, I've also seen it called (SST) Student Support Team, and even (Triple I) Immediate Intensive Intervention. Whatever it's called at your school, it means finding interventions that will close gaps for students to give them the best chance at success. And whatever you call it, in order to do it successfully, you must have a way of knowing if what you're doing is helping our students. This means you have to collect data.

Unfortunately, this often means more class time needed to collect that data, which we don't always have. So this year I have worked hard on using technology to help me collect some of that data. Saves class time, and teacher sanity! Here are the tech tools I've used:

1.) Google Forms - Using Google Forms is a great way to create a simple, pinpointed quiz for any topic that your students are struggling with. For reading, this could be a comprehension quiz. For phonics, you could insert a picture and ask students to choose the correctly written word. For math, it could be a few questions on a specific topic. 

Any multiple choice questions assigned through Google Forms will be graded for you, with only open ended questions left for you to grade. You also have the choice of students taking the quiz once, or multiple times. You can release the "correct answers" to your students, or choose not to.  You can assign the test to one student or to your whole class. The options are so limitless!

For intervention students, I use Google Forms in 2 ways. First, I pull data from the weekly quizzes I give to all of my students in order to see if my kiddos are applying what they're learning in small group with me to their "mainstream" activities. Secondly, I have a few quizzes for common skills that I give only to my students working on those skills. I make a copy just for them and have them take the same quiz multiple times (every 2 weeks for so) so that I can track how they are achieving on that specific skill. 

2.) XtraMath - Basic math fact fluency is often one of my student's intervention goals. Increasing understanding of how numbers go together and increasing speed of retrieving facts are also both vital for students working on more complex math standards - like problem solving. Working on math fact fluency in small group is easy, right? You work on patterns, songs, flash cards, games, etc. However, collecting the data can be more complex. 
For a long time, I used my Math Fact Quizzes because I could easily have students date them and use them to keep track of fact fluency data. However, we are now restricted on the number of copies we can make because administration wants us using our Chromebooks to their full capacity. So now I use the website XtraMath. Students work on it for 10 - 15 minutes a day and I get a full report of what problems they attempted, what problems they mastered and what problems they maintained. 

3.) Flipgrid - We all know that the best way to assess knowledge of a subject is to sit one on one with each child. However, time rarely allows for that in the classroom. Instead, I use the website Flipgrid for students to create videos on themselves discussing their thinking.

Math problem solving is a common skill I work on during intervention time. Obviously math word problems is your go-to assessment for if they are able to solve the problem correctly. However, to truly understand how my kiddos are getting to their answers, I need them to explain their thinking. So, I have my students record their thinking into Flipgrid and use those videos to assess their understanding and determine where I need to intervene.

Additionally, reading fluency is super easy to assess using Flipgrid because you can set the timer to create a 1 minute video. Students read their set passage for 1 minute, close the computer and move on. You can then go back and watch the videos, count the words and really get a picture of their fluency. In addition, you can play those videos for parents during their SAT meeting. How much more powerful is a video of their kiddo reading than you telling them "She currently reads 35 words per minute."

Collecting data on students is not my favorite part of the job, but these tech tools have made it so much more manageable. This type of data collection has also made the focus truly on getting better interventions, instead of just on having data to put on forms for meetings. Since our focus should be on kids instead of data, I'd say that is a win, win!

Techie teacher here! I am the teacher who, when we only had one projector for the team, housed the projector in my room so that I could use it whenever no one else wanted it. I am the teacher who figured out a center schedule based around each kid getting at least 20 minutes of computer time a day, when I only had 3 computers in my classroom. I am the teacher who has always been willing to take your computer lab time if you aren't using it. So this year when I found out I was to have a Chromebooks classroom set, I literally jumped for joy.

What I didn't realize was just having the Chromebooks wasn't the end of the story. Now I had to figure out how to best use Chromebooks in elementary. I had to learn how to do more than just engage my students, but have them using the technology independently in order to increase learning. It's taken some time, but we have developed a balance of using the Chromebooks for engagement and enhancing our learning experience. Here are some ideas on how to incorporate Chromebooks in the Classroom in order to make your life, and your students' lives better.

Kids LOVE technology. It's their life, their every day, so the excuse to use it in the classroom increases their desire to do anything. I have kids who LOVE taking daily math quizzes in Google Forms. I could give them the same form as a printed version and they would groan and complain. Sometimes technology is worth it just for the engagement!

1.) Find websites that teach and entertain. - There are so many great websites out there, and many of them are free. The trick to appropriately using websites in the classroom is to find the ones that will be engaging, but also help students to work on the skill we need them to work on. (And it they're free, extra bonus!) My kiddos are always asking me "Why can't we play Cool Math Games for Kids? It's educational!" My answer is always "There are so many websites out there that are MORE educational, and just as much fun." Plus, I like websites where I can track their data and see what they've been working on. Here are a few websites I have found incredibly helpful and engaging this year:
                   - Prodigy
                   - Zearn
                   - Khan Academy
                   - Storybird
                   - Whoose Reading
                   - Duolingo
                   - Code.org

2.) Use videos - YouTube is an amazing resource for our students, as are videos available through websites like Khan Academy, Zearn and National Geographic. Videos can be used to give students the background knowledge they are lacking. This background knowledge helps children to understand what they read and make connections to what they are learning. Additionally, videos can be used as a second "teacher". Students can receive information from videos at a center and then come and apply that knowledge to the hands on lesson you are teaching. 

Videos are a way of life for our students. As a parent, I know that my sons watch YouTube more than they watch T.V. They are constantly watching people play video games, test out new foods, do tricks, etc. So introducing kids to using videos to learn is not a stretch for them. It's only natural. This year my students have used videos to experience Alaska in the 1940s, to review math concepts, to learn about Native Americans of the Southwest, to learn about parts of speech and to research animals.

Of course, now that my students have learned to use videos as a teaching tool, the next step is for them to share their learning! We use websites like Flipgrid or the built in video camera, for students to create their own videos!

3.) Use a variety of ways for kids to get info (hyperdocs, slides, scavenger hunts, smart lab, etc.) One of the coolest things about having Chromebooks is that I can give my kiddos ways to build their own learning while I pull small groups and do individual conferences. This means my kids are getting the same (and sometimes better) information as they would be if we were doing whole group instruction. Plus they are each getting some individualized attention EVERY DAY. Talk about a game changer, right!

So how do I get them those ways to build their own learning? I've tried a variety of ways this year, and I've found that a balance of these activities meets the needs of my classroom best:

Hyperdocs - a document with a list of activities to do and links to videos and/or websites that will guide them through. 

Hyper Slides - this is similar to a hyperdoc, but each slide is a step and students work from the beginning to the end of the slide show. Additionally, instead of having links to videos, I can have them embedded. With this format, I can also build in activities like sorts where students need to move things around.

Collaborative Hyper Slides - I have also used collaborative slide shows to allow students to work together on research and problem solving tasks. (See this blog post on Collaborative Slide Shows.)

Internet Scavenger Hunts - a document with a list of research questions and a list of websites. Students use the websites to find answers to the research questions. I have more than 40 of these available in my Teachers Pay Teachers store.

Smart Labs - using Smart Notebook, I have created interactive pages that include Smart Labs (games), videos, activities where students move around manipulatives and links out to presentation activities. Once uploaded into Smart Learning Suite, students can work on these at their own pace. Sometimes students are asked to take screenshots of their work and upload them into Google Classroom.
Insert Screenshots of hyperdocs and smart labs.

4.) Research can be fun! Most adults think of research as this boring activity where you read a million books. For kids today, internet research is the reality and it can be super fun! My students use a combination of videos, online encyclopedias and websites to research. They come up with a list of questions, and love knowing that they can find the answer to so many of their questions online. While they are researching, we are talking about: the validity of sources, how to paraphrase, how to read for meaning, how to properly use search tools, etc. These are all amazing lessons that my kids think are fun and games.

Kids shouldn't be passive learners, just sitting and receiving knowledge. We don't want technology to just replace the lecture style, we want it to push kids further so that they are taking some ownership over their own learning and really building understanding, not just memorizing facts. Here's how I've been increasing student ownership so that I'm not just doing the same old thing, but now with a computer.

5.) If you can make it, so can the kids! My students just completed their Math Vocabulary Game Project. Most of my kids created board games, but one of my techie boys decided that if I could make Smart Lab games, so could he! He created a fabulous matching game that drew the kids' attention and kept his game as the most played game of the afternoon. Honestly the students are often better at creating because they have the time to fiddle with what they're doing, so challenge them to create slide shows, forms, online games, videos, etc. You'll be amazed at what they come up with. And all while they are creating they will be working with the content in new ways that build their own knowledge! 

6.) Learning can happen anywhere! Bridging the home/school learning boundary can be difficult for kiddos. Technology is one way that they can take home what they are learning and work on it easily. Websites like Khan Academy, Prodigy, Whoose Reading, Storybird and more can be done at home. Google Classroom, with all of their assignments, can be accessed at home. Students can truly work from anywhere. Kids who are going on vacations or are absent for long periods of time can access the content from their locations. Students without a home computer can access most of their work on their phone (or their parents' phones), or can get on a free computer at the library and see exactly what they saw at school.
Honestly, technology in the classroom is one of the easiest ways to keep learning happening after the school day is done. However, kids aren't likely to get online to watch a lecture or type an essay (unless their grade depends on it). They are likely to get on to play prodigy math games, to watch a quick Khan Academy video that makes their homework easier, or to type a story in Storybird. So keep in mind that home learning needs to be engaging too!

7.) Allow kids to remediate and extend! "This one is too hard!" is something you can often hear from students working on worksheets, while fast finishers will often be done with 4 sheets and have nothing else to do. With technology, we can easily assign those struggling students an easier activity, or give them a video to help guide them through. We can push fast finishers into extension activities that allow for deeper thinking and harder content.

​I'm not saying you can't remediate and extend without technology, I know I sure did. I am saying that using differentiated hyperdocs or websites like Prodigy that automatically give easier or harder problems based on needs is a lot simpler and requires a lot less from me, the teacher. Additionally, extensions like Snap and Read and Co-Writer can be used to read websites to students without anyone noticing that they are getting support.

The other day a teacher friend looked at some of my "Smart Lab" lessons and told me, I have worksheets that look just like that, why bother with the technology? So we talked about some of the things they can do on the Chromebook that they CAN'T do on a worksheet. Here are a few ways to get to that transformation level:

8.) Video that learning! Whether you are using Flipgrid, Powtoon or just the Chromebook's own video camera, video taping student learning can be an amazing way to get kids to talk about their thinking. Kids these days idolize YouTubers, so getting them to talk to the camera doesn't take much work. However, as they are developing their videos, they are putting their knowledge together, and showing you what they know better than they could on any test.

Some ways I have used student created videos are:
  - Recorded conversations between students about math problems
 - Reporting out where in a book they found certain literary elements (exaggeration, conflict, etc.)
  -  Presenting written news reports on self selected topics
  - Pretending to interview famous people for Social Studies
  -  Recording themselves reading for building fluency

9.) Gamify - Whether using Hyperdocs, Smart Labs, or Prodigy, using games builds interaction with the subject in ways that a paper pencil activity never does. Websites like Kahoot and Quizlet provide additional ways to turn learning into a game. Trick them into learning and you will be amazed at how much they will absorb. My kids will play Prodigy for recess (because they ask to) and then come to my math group and say "I just did this problem on Prodigy, so I understand now!"

10.) Learn about anything - Duolingo, Coding etc. Kids don't always want to learn what we're teaching them. So I often entice students with genius projects, where they can learn about anything they want to. This year I had kids learn Spanish, coding, how to make friendship bracelets, how to make slime, and how to build lamps. All of these are amazing activities on their own, but what they also learned was: research skills, taking notes, paraphrasing, finding the main idea, sequencing, vocabulary and self motivation. Learning is learning and technology in our classrooms increases the chances of learning by increasing the engagement level of each student. 

It's happened! A Chromebook cart with a device for each and every student is now housed in my classroom! I'm so excited. I imagine all of the possibilities now that I have chromebooks for my students. It's better than a whole box of classroom supplies, because these little devices can connect us to so many options!
Then I think about how I'm going to manage 22 devices and 22 students. What if they break it? What if they go looking where they're not supposed to? What if, what if, what if...... Instead of thinking about what ifs, I used these chromebook classroom management strategies to keep us on track, and it's made for a great school year so far!

Chromebook Classroom Management

1.) Set up expectations and be prepared to repeat

At the beginning of the school year, I teach students how I expect them to use a notebook, how I want them to sharpen their pencil and how I want them to line up. It's obvious that I would also need to teach them how to use their Chromebooks.

The students rolled their eyes at me as I taught them where the power button was and how to plug in their headphones. But a few of them needed those instructions, and they weren't about to speak up and tell me that they didn't know. I also taught them how to hold the Chromebooks (screen closed, two hands, hugged to body) and how to plug their Chromebook only into the plug next to their number in our cart.

Each classroom's expectations will be different. This is what the expectations look like in my 3rd grade classroom:

2.) Develop procedures for dealing with food and water
Before Chromebooks I encouraged my students to have water bottles at their desks and to eat their snack while working. However, I have no desire to be the person who has to go to my edtech and explain that a Chromebook isn't working because a student spilled water all over it. So as soon as the Chromebooks arrived all water bottles were delegated to the students' supply caddies. Snack is now something that is eaten only when we are NOT at our desks, generally during silent reading or other non-technology reading centers.. And of course we talked about both of these changes and why they were happening. Now my students are the first to remind me if we have food or water near the Chromebooks.

3.) Set up your furniture where you can see MOST screens
I hate rows! Let me say that again, I hate having my desks in rows. They move constantly so that they're not a row and the kids have limited access to the students around them, which hampers those good educational discussions. (Yes, I'm a teacher who likes when my kids talk - mostly!) However, we started the year with rows simply so the kiddos know that I can sit at my table in the back teaching small group and see exactly what everyone is doing on their Chromebooks.
As time has passed, we've fiddled with the arrangement and now we have U shaped desks with the desks facing away from me belonging to my most trusted students. I still get up and move around as much as I can, but if I can't teach small group while students are on the Chromebook, then they are kind of pointless.

4.) Train your tech support helpers
One of my favorite classroom jobs is that of "tech support". These are the students whose job it is to go and help others who get stuck using their technology. In past years I had 2 students for the entire class. This year, each group has their own tech support. The students choose their own roles, and I approve them. So the kids with the most actual technology knowledge end up in this role. 
One of the reason that I love having tech support is that they solve 90% of the questions that come up. Another reason is that when we are changing something small in our routine, I train only these 4 students. Then they are able to help their group. Now if we are starting a whole new website or program, I train the whole class. But if I moved the location of a link in Google Classroom, then I just show my tech supports and they pass on the news.

5.) Set up bookmark bars
The first technology skill I taught my students, after logging in, was how to bookmark websites. Then we bookmarked all of the sites we use regularly - Khan Academy, Pearson, Math Magician, Google Classroom, Flipgrid, Storybird, etc. This way they can easily get to their websites WITHOUT retyping it incorrectly nine times. Saves time, saves frustration, and saves a teacher's sanity!

6.) Practice accessing challenging sites
Even with bookmarks, there are certain sites that take a thousand clicks in order to access what you're looking for. The website where we access our curriculum in e-book is like this. It takes, no lie, 9 clicks for my kiddos to get to their books. This takes a lot of practice for students to remember those clicks.
On the first day that we had our Chromebooks, I had took them through all 9 clicks. Then I had them close it all out and do it from scratch. And then I had them repeat the steps 4 more times. The kiddos were not happy with me by that fifth time, but they could all get through the steps on their own. We talked about the importance of practice. Then, we did it again. Now they know that every time we start a new, challenging website, we're going to practice a bunch of times.

7.) Have students log in as soon as they arrive
One of the biggest complaints I hear from my fellow teachers is how much of their lesson time they lose by waiting for kiddos to log into the system. I bypassed this by making logging in one of the steps of their morning routine. They come in, unpack, move their name on the attendance board, grab their Chromebook, log in, and place it in the corner of their desk. Then they go about their morning work routine. 
At first it felt odd for them to have their Chromebooks out if they weren't working on them, but now they know we'll get to them later. And it's much easier to say "jump on this site real quick" if they already have their Chromebooks ready to just be opened and accessed.

8.) Practice a "safe store" situation
Even though we have Chromebooks, the students are not working on them every minute of the day. However, I do not like wasted time in my instructional day, which means that I don't want kids to get their Chromebooks, put them away, and then get them out again. So, once my students get their Chromebooks in the morning, they keep them on their desk for the rest of the day.
In order to have our Chromebooks out all day, we must talk about storing them safely. For my classroom, this means that the Chromebook goes in the upper right corner of your desk, turned to the right. They are closed, and nothing is allowed to be on top of them - not even your arm. This helps students practice protecting the screens of their Chromebooks, by not pressing on the tops. It also gives them plenty of room for other work.

9.) Don't use them just to use them
Just like every other tool we have in our arsenal, chromebooks should be used with a purpose. They should be used to make our lives or our students' lives better, easier and more rewarding. They should not be used just  because we have a new toy.

The ways that I have found to use my chromebooks that help enhance my curriculum are:
 - having paperless assignments using Google forms and websites like Khan Academy and Math Magician that reduce the amount of grading I have to do. This also gives the students more instant feedback on many assignments.

 - using the Chrome extension Snap and Read to allow my struggling readers to have assignments read to them. We've also used audio books on our reading program and voice recognition typing, so that our assignments are more accessible for struggling students. This means they can keep up better and avoid trigger behaviors like frustration.

 - giving my students access to Genius projects, Storybird and Code.org during our intervention block. This engages my students actively, allowing me to pull small groups more successfully.

 - posting video clips directly into Google Classroom instead of showing the video whole group. This allows students who might be out of the room for speech or gifted to not miss out on the video. Also, students listening on their own individual device with their own headphones tend to pay attention better than when they are watching on the big screen, sitting next to their friends.
 
 - using direct links to activities that I want students to participate in, rather than general links to a website. This has been great for specific math games, but it has also been great for guided research, like in my Internet Scavenger Hunts.

10.) Be prepared for things to go wrong
I have a lovely new teacher on my team who told me she doesn't want anything to go wrong. I don't think I helped her when I said "Don't worry, they will." But, I spoke the truth. Things are going to go wrong. Computers will break. Logins won't work. Internet goes down. You mess up the way you assign an activity in Google Classroom (or forget to assign it at all). Just like everything else we do in the classroom things will go wrong. That's okay.
We need to be prepared to do our lesson in a completely different way, or to say "You know what guys, we'll try this again tomorrow." I often talk to my kiddos about what our plan was, how the plan is now going to change because of a technology failure, and what my thinking was behind the change. This helps our students to know that we need to have flexibility when dealing with technology. It also builds real life problem solving skills, which is something our kiddos need the most! 

A few weeks ago, a teacher friend of mine shared a technology question on Facebook. She asked "Is it still important for us to teach touch typing in computer class?" She tagged me and a few other friends who are kind of "techy teachers", and the discussion that followed was interesting.

The majority of teacher said, "Yes learning touch typing benefits students." However, the overwhelming majority also said "No, it should not be ALL you learn in a computer class." So I got to thinking about it and realized that touch typing is to technology skills in the same way that handwriting is to creative writing. Important, but not the MOST important.

How is Touch Typing Similar to Handwriting?
Teaching touch typing basics helps students to use a computer more effectively. If students know where the keys are, they can type in anything faster and clearer - whether it's an essay or just their search criteria for YouTube. 
​
Having clear and legible handwriting allows students to write a story more effectively. Not only can students proofread their own work better if their writing is clear, but they can receive help from others better. Also, when students are NOT publishing their work on technology (And let's remember student writing only began being published on computer in the 90's.), their neat handwriting allows them to get their ideas out to other people.

Why Do We Need To Teach the Basics?
I often hear "Is it really important to TEACH these touch typing skills? Won't students just pick them up?" Yes, my father can type on a keyboard in that hunt and peck fashion and he can get by. Yes, a students can often look at a letter and draw a similar one on their paper, even if they loop around the circle 3 times before giving the a a tail. Yes the basics can be picked up without direct instruction. But when they are picked up this way, students:

1. teach themselves ineffective strategies (hunting and pecking, incorrect hand grips, etc.)
2. get set in their ways of doing things and have a harder time re-learning the more effective ways 

So it IS important for us to teach students touch typing basics, just like it is important for us to do some handwriting practice. If you're not sure where to start with touch typing - this blog post on Keyboarding Websites will give you some ideas.

What's happening in your classroom? Do you teach typing skills? Do you teach handwriting? If you're not teaching these basic skills, why not? I'd love to hear what's going on in classrooms around the world, so please leave us a comment.
​
​Happy Teaching!

Back to school sales, back to school planning, back to school shopping - it feels like my world right now surrounds around the back to school season right now. Is anyone else there?  In addition to preparing for the Teachers Pay Teachers 2 Day Back to School Sale, which is going on now (Aug 1 & Aug 2, 2018), I have been putting the finishing touches on my Back to School Escape Room. I'm going to be using this with my classroom  AFTER I have taught all of my procedures and routines. This will be our final "back to school" activity before heading into the heavy beast of curriculum, but I wanted to have it finished before I get back into the daily routine of school on Monday.

Now normally, I try out every resource I sell in my classroom BEFORE posting it on Teachers Pay Teachers. However, I wanted to make sure that others benefited from this highly engaging back to school escape room this year. So I decided to go ahead and list it early, and then leave it FREE - just for the month of August. My hope is that other teachers will try it out and let me know if they find any glitches. I can then fix any glitches before it becomes a paid product on September 1st. ​ So if you or your colleagues want to be a trial classroom for my Back to School Escape Room, please download it at my Teachers Pay Teachers store BEFORE September 1st. Then after you have completed the activity with your kids, please send me an e-mail at the address provided in the escape room to let me know how it went!

Here's hoping your back to school season goes well! It's going to be the best year yet!

​10.) Student Led Inquiries/ Passion Projects

What is it?
Student led inquires are a chance for students to follow their own thought processes and find answers to their own questions. 

What subjects is it best for?
If your subject is one that students can use in a real world application, we hope that they have real world questions about your subject that might be answered. For some students it might be as simple as “When am I going to use Physics in my real life?” to start out with. But then as time goes on it might be “How do I use Newton’s laws when I’m designing my own rollercoaster?” or “I wonder how much force a car would have to have to push over a stop sign?” The idea of an inquiry is to get students answering their own questions, so inquiry can be worked into any subject.

What will it look like?
Inquiries can have a wide range. Some inquiries will be similar to Genius Hour, 20% Time or Passion Projects where students choose their own topic, their own questions and their own presentation or project on any topic that suits them from writing poetry to learning sign language to developing a website. These type of inquiries are great for Language Arts classes because students are reading and writing and researching and covering all of your standards.
But what about Math and Science and Social Studies? For those classes, you might need to be more specific about what kind of questions you want them to have. Here's a real life example from my classroom: During a unit on heat, I asked students to come up with a list of questions they had about heat. The students brainstormed about 30 questions total, which we listed on the board. Then the students, who were broken into groups of two and three, chose a questions and worked on answering it. The questions ranged from "How do you make a fire?" to "Why does a refrigerator get hot if it’s making things cold?" to "How do you build a blowtorch?" While students were doing their research, they learned about ignition, combustion, conduction, convection, insulation, the movement of heat particles, and much more. I didn’t lecture about it, they wanted to know about it, they went and found it out and then they taught the rest of the class what they learned. And they covered all of my standards. The same could be done in other subjects.
Ask math students for questions about coordinate graphs or algebraic equations or balancing a checkbook. Ask history students for questions about Ancient Greece or the Middle East or Victorian England. Ask literature students for questions about Shakespeare or Charles Dickens or haiku poetry. Ask music students for questions about instruments or famous musicians. This one works for everything!

What resources might help me with this?
Create Your Own Cookie Inquiry
Great Plant Experiment


As you can see from my descriptions, I often use multiple differentiated instructional strategies together to form a truly differentiated classroom. If that seems like too much for you, choose one strategy and try it out in one specific section of your day. Then slowly add more strategies and more class periods as you are comfortable.

Happy teaching!